There are also some suggestions about his partial Slavic origin. His mother Zübeyde is thought to be of Turkish origin and according to Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, she was of Yörük ancestry.
Volkan and Norman Itzkowitz, Ali Rıza's ancestors were Turks, ultimately descending from Söke in the Aydın Province of Anatolia. His father Ali Rıza is thought to be of Albanian origin by some however, according to Falih Rıfkı Atay, Vamik D. Many of Atatürk’s religious opponents eagerly embraced this view. According to Encyclopaedia Judaica, one assertion that was commonly made by many Jews of Salonika was that Atatürk was of Doenmeh (crypto-Jewish) origin. According to Andrew Mango, he was born into a family which was Muslim, Turkish-speaking and precariously middle-class. Only one of Mustafa's siblings, a sister named Makbule (Atadan) survived childhood she died in 1956. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in the early months of 1881, either in the Ahmed Subaşı neighbourhood or in Islahhane Street (present-day Apostolou Pavlou Street) in the Koca Kasım Pasha neighbourhood (this house is preserved as a museum) in Salonica (present-day Thessaloniki), Ottoman Empire, to his mother Zübeyde Hanım (a housewife) and father Ali Rıza Efendi (a militia officer, title-deed clerk and lumber trader). 8.1 Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkeyįurther information: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's personal life.4.3.3 Liberalization and planned growth, 1931–1939.4.2.2 Relations with the RSFSR/Soviet Union.4.1.5 Opposition to Mustafa Kemal in 1930–1931.
4.1.3 Opposition to Mustafa Kemal in 1924–1927.4.1.2 Civic independence and the Caliphate, 1924–1925.3 Establishment of the Republic of Turkey.The principles of Atatürk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism.
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Under his leadership, thousands of new schools were built, primary education was made free and compulsory, while the burden of taxation on peasants was reduced. Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular, and democratic nation-state. His military campaigns led to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, he led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Ītatürk was a military officer during World War I. His surname, Atatürk (meaning "Father of the Turks"), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( pronounced ( conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer in the Ottoman military, revolutionary statesman, and the first President of Turkey. ( )( This date was adopted by Atatürk officially in the absence of a precise date.) Mustafa Kemal Atatürkġst Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
For other uses, see Atatürk (disambiguation). Ranked amongst the world’s best food cities as World's second best food city by the by National Geographic, Chennai is the only Indian city to feature in the list."Atatürk" redirects here. With its plethora of historical features, ancient temples, dance and art forms, Chennai is popularly known as the Gateway to South India. Chennai categorized under one of the fastest cities is on its way to becoming one of the most sophisticated metropolitans. Marking the initial British Raj settlement in India, Chennai is also the country’s oldest municipal corporation, based on a charter that was issued by James II in 1688.įleetingly occupied by the French and the Portuguese, the seaport a t Chennai grew and ebbed with the changing fortunes of the British Raj showcasing a city where age old customs and modernism coexist in light of a rich legacy and ethnic past. The smallest among the four major Indian metros, Chennai has much to attract and offer to its visitors. The 400-year-old city is the 31st largest metropolitan area in the world. with an estimated population of nine million. Also known as the gateway to South India, its rich heritage of art, music and literature blend in seamlessly with the city’s cosmopolitan present. Formerly known as Madras, Chennai - the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu, is India's fourth largest city located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal.
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